Organizational Culture

IntroductionWhile research of corporate/organizational ?climate? looks at the bond between individuals, groups, and performance experienced on a quotidian basis (communication, networking, reward systems, leadership styles), the term ?organizational gardening? refers to the mise en scene in which these events occur.

Organizational culture (OC) is what a group learns over a period of time as it solves its puzzle of survival in an external environment and internal desegregation (Schein, 2000). Schein points out three areas where culture manifests itself: observable artefacts, values/norms, and canonic be assumptions to which most researchers refer to. OC supports effective control (to cast conduct), normative order (to guide behaviour), promotion of innovation (in a culture that encourages creative thinking), strategy formulation, and employee commitment. Sackmann, Phillips, Kleinberg, and Boyacigiller (1997) suggest in that maintain that cultural context contains greater regional, national, industry and regional level, and deep down the organization a functional, hierarchy and tenure level, that are influenced by gender, profession, ethnicity and religion.

Another aspect of OC highlights how well an individual fits an organizational context (OReilly, Chatmann & Caldwell, 2001). In this view values and expectations of individuals interact with facets of the pip (incentive systems, norms) to affect the individuals attitudinal and behavioural responses. Furthermore OC-concepts guide OD and counter form Management activities.



The sustained interest in OC throughout the yesteryear decade has confirmed that, in order to understand and change an organization, a researcher must examine the linkages between underlying values, organizational structures, and individual meaning (Denison & Spreitzer, 2001).

In regard to the assessment of OC it is challenging that values/norms and basic assumptions influence behaviour on a subconscious level and are accordingly not directly accessible for questioning or observation. tear down the examination of artefacts and their meaning remains at first on a descriptive level (in the form of typologies), because terms of measurement...

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